Language and translation → Glossary
Artificial intelligence glossary
The terminology used on this site. The first two sections follow the glossary in the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol report (Lewis, 2026); we have adopted the same terms for consistency.
Keywords
| Welsh | English |
|---|---|
| Asesu dilys | Authentic assessment |
| Asesu ffurfiannol | Formative assessment |
| Camymddwyn academaidd | Academic misconduct |
| Cydraddoldeb ieithyddol | Linguistic equity |
| Cyfrifoldeb digidol | Digital responsibility |
| Datblygiad sgiliau meddwl beirniadol | Critical thinking skills development |
| Datganiad defnydd AI | AI use declaration |
| Dylunio asesu | Assessment design |
| Gwybodaeth anghywir (camwybodaeth) | Misinformation |
| Llên-ladrad | Plagiarism |
| Llythrennedd AI | AI literacy |
| Rhithwelediad | Hallucination |
| Tryloywder | Transparency |
| Uniondeb academaidd | Academic integrity |
| Ymchwil foesegol | Ethical research |
| Ymwybyddiaeth foesegol | Ethical awareness |
Terminology
| Welsh term | English term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| corpws (corpora) | corpus (corpora) | A large collection of linguistic data, texts or audio recordings. |
| cyfieithu peirianyddol | machine translation | The automated process of converting text from one language into another using computer technology. |
| data hyfforddi | training data | A collection of texts, audio recordings or other data used to train a language model. |
| AI cynhyrchiol | generative artificial intelligence | An AI system capable of generating new content, such as text, images or sound, by learning patterns in data. |
| lleferydd-i-destun | speech-to-text | Converting spoken audio into written text using speech recognition technology. |
| Model Iaith Mawr (MIM) | Large Language Model (LLM) | A computational model that analyses vast datasets to learn and imitate human language. |
| rhyngwyneb defnyddiwr (UI) | User Interface | The visual element enabling a user to interact with a system, including buttons, menus and page layout. |
| sgwrsfot | chatbot | A program that simulates human conversation using conversational AI technology. |
| testun-i-leferydd | text-to-speech | A system that reads text aloud by generating synthetic speech. |
AIsteddfod’s specialist terms
For the purposes of this website, we also use the following terms:
| Term | English | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| meincnod | benchmark | A standardised, repeatable test used to measure a model’s ability — see our evaluation pages. |
| mireinio model | fine-tuning | Further training a base model on specific data, such as Welsh data — for example, Jupiter-N or Mwydryn. |
| harnais | harness | The software environment surrounding a model during testing: instructions, tools, feedback cycles and the selection process. Further details are provided in our methodology. |
| rhoi cyfarwyddiadau | prompting | Writing and giving instructions to a model — see how to give instructions in Welsh. |
| pwysau agored | open weights | A model whose parameters can be downloaded and run locally, whether or not it has an open licence. |
| cerdyn model | model card | A standard document describing a model’s data, training, licence and limitations. |
Source for the first two sections: ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI), Welsh and Higher Education’ (Kara Lewis, UWTSD / Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, June 2026) — our full analysis.